What are the advantages and disadvantages of series hybrid designs. The turbine produces alternating current, which charges the battery that powers the motor that drives the wheels. Different types of hybrid drive trains fuel cell electric buses. King long has continuously conducted exploration in technological research and development, new energy technological innovation, manufacturing process, quality management and talent development, and has established state approved king long engineering research institute and new energy bus technology test center in the industry. These type of buses normally use a diesel electric powertrain and are also known as hybrid diesel electric buses. A gasolineelectric hybrid car or hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. The objective of the project was to develop an energyefficient, low floor, 28 ft. We were able to compare a 2008 gillig 29 foot nonhybrid bus 0873 to a 2009 gillig 29 foot hybrid bus 0978. Paired with the battery show, the event draws more than 650 suppliers to showcase their batteries, motors, inverters, and charging and testing systems. In this study we had the unique opportunity to pull two buses out for an applestoapples comparison. Hybrid electrical vehicles introduction a hybrid electric vehicle hev has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel. Diesel hybrids as they exist in the current bus market are excluded from the scope of the project and from this publication. Based on the success of that project, nyct purchased a pilot fleet of 10 orion vi diesel hybrid electric buses with propulsion systems by bae systems formerly lockheed. Hart tried out dieselelectric hybrid in 2004, only to be left wondering if it was worth the cost my understanding is that dieselelectric hyrbid buses do cost more than diesel buses.
Dongfeng electric vehicle of china worked with the mathworks, a global software provider, to develop the battery management system in. All bus drivers like all the hybrid bus models for being quieter than diesel buses. A series hybrid bus is exclusively propelled by the electric motor. However information is either based on data provided by bus producers or on sample measurements made. Hybrid and low emission bus technologies, october 2014. Motor and its control technology are one of the main components of hybrid electric vehicle hev. To meet hevs fast torque response, vector control algorithm based on rotor fluxoriented and simulation model is concerned and modular designs for controllers hardware and software are presented in the paper in order to build a platform to achieve the vector control of asynchronous induction. The plan is then to acquire the next generation of battery trolleybus. These are hardly the words one usually uses when describing a bus, but that could soon change with the introduction of a new fleet of orion vii new generation hybridelectric buses, which are now making their first runs on.
Sartas transit bus fleet which included 38 conventional gillig buses and 4 new gillig dieselelectric hybrid transit buses. Pdf an energy management strategy based on dynamic programming for a plugin. The vehicle would have the capability of operating in batteryonly drive, engineonly drive, and a. At its meeting on february 21, 2017, ttc board discussed a new business item regarding a cuta request for. Clean fuel buses represent about 5% of nyc transit s fleet. These vehicles are more expensive to procure than conventional buses. Powertrain of plugin seriesparallel hybrid electric bus the schematic of the pheb powertrain is shown in fig. King county metro transit buses run on a parallel hybrid system this means that at low speed the bus is mostly electrically driven, while at medium speeds it operates on a blend of diesel and electric power and at high speeds it runs on mostly diesel power. These are hardly the words one usually uses when describing a bus, but that could soon change with the introduction of a new fleet of orion vii new generation hybrid electric buses, which are now making their first runs on. Market penetration of hybrid and electric transit buses. The challenge with hybrid and the electric bus is the high upfront cost which makes it unviable for prospective operators when we consider depreciation and total ownership cost. These type of buses normally use a dieselelectric powertrain and are also known as hybrid dieselelectric buses. Pdf research on a plugin hybrid electric bus energy.
Viterna nasa lewis research center cleveland, ohio 445 abstract a government, industry, and university cooperative is developing an advanced hybrid electric city transit bus. Hybrid electric vehicles hev combine electric and other drive systems, such as internal combustion engines, gas turbines and fuel cells. Hybrid bus study stark area regional transit authority. When they all arrive, the hybridelectric buses will represent 30% of the fleet at the five depots to which they are to be assigned. Comparison of modern cng, diesel and diesel hybrid. A gasoline electric hybrid car or hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. That staff report back on the city of edmonton electric bus pilot project. Additionally, either electric or hydrogen recharging stations need to be installed. A description of diesel hybrid electric buses used at nyc transit the largest public transportation system in the united states. Based on the success of that project, nyct purchased a pilot fleet of 10 orion vi diesel hybridelectric buses with propulsion systems by bae systems formerly lockheed. Almost all models are considered to give a smoother ride than diesel buses. Tests sleeker bus with turbine engine the new york times. Fuel cell electric buses hybrid are electric buses a hybrid vehicle uses two or more distinct types of power, such as.
Electricity means that a battery sometimes assisted by ultracaps is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor from now on called motor will be used as traction motor. The electric motors and their control technology are key components of hybrid electric vehicles hevs. But when the car was climbing a grade, the electric motor, mounted coaxially with the gas engine, gave it a boost. Trbs transit cooperative research program tcrp report 2. New york city transit diesel hybrid electric buses author. Hybrid electric transit bus university of texas at austin. The powertrain structure of the plugin seriesparallel hybrid electric bus. Goals of this effort include doubling the fuel economy compared to current buses and reducing emissions to onetenth of current epa. Scanias hybrid concept bus achieves all of these objectives, while meeting.
They offer the promise of decoupling a major transportation service from oil, serving energy independence demands. Feedback on specific models shows wright bus and adl models to be generally rated better by bus drivers than optare and volvo models. Hybrid drives combine the electric engine with a conventional internal combustion. The development of a hybrid electric transit bus began with an nyct project that resulted in novabus and general motors successfully demonstrating a prototype bus in 1998. Pdf plugin hybrid electric bus energy management based on. Even though the development of hybrid electric buses heb and pure electric. A prototype advanced technology transit bus attb was developed by northrop grumman ng under funding from the federal transit authority fta to demonstrate advanced hybrid electric transit bus technology. Control of the electric motor is a fundamental issue for traction application in electric. Full battery electric buses bevs are allelectric or purely electric vehicles with an electric propulsion system that uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs. Performance data of hybrid and electric buses has been reported in numerous documents. A hybrid electric bus combines a conventional internal combustion engine propulsion system with an electric propulsion system.
Heb hybrid electric bus powertrain the vehicle components that generate power and deliver it to the wheels hev hybrid electric vehicle tco total cost of ownership hfcv hydrogen fuel cell vehicle ttw tanktowheel hp horse power wtt welltotank ice internal combustion engine wtw welltowheel table 1. Aug 31, 2015 hart tried out dieselelectric hybrid in 2004, only to be left wondering if it was worth the cost my understanding is that dieselelectric hyrbid buses do cost more than diesel buses. Cummins announces acquisition of electric and hybrid. The h2fuel bus, the worlds first hydrogenfueled electric hybrid transit bus see figure1. These buses have at least 25% better fuel economy than standard buses. Current trends and innovations of electric bus adoption. Assessment of hybridelectric transit bus technology explores decisionmaking guidelines coupled with a comprehensive life cycle cost lcc model designed to assist transit managers in evaluating, selecting, and implementing hybridelectric technology options for transit buses. Figure 1 hybrid and electric buses adoption around the world.
Work closely with us hybrid to commercialize the plugin hybrid electric bus technology targeted at transit agencies develop a marketing plan through direct interaction and interviews with other transportation technology targets create toolkit of algorithms that can be licensed towards other transportation modes beyond transit. It was a project developed through a publicprivate partnership involving several leading technological and industrial organizations, with primary funding by the department of energy doe. The development of a hybridelectric transit bus began with an nyct project that resulted in novabus and general motors successfully demonstrating a prototype bus in 1998. An updated overview of electric buses in europe ebus. Mta nyc transit introduces new generation hybrid electric bus into staten island service sleek, modernistic and efficient. This is the status of the work of our implementing agreement hybrid and electric vehicles we reached in the period of 1993 to 2015. A trolleybus also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram in early years or trolley is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead wires generally suspended from roadside posts using springloaded trolley poles. The chinese electric bus market projected to reach 176.
Feb 20, 2014 3 chinese manufacturers such as yutong, wuzhoulong, foton, and kinglong are expected to top the global hybrid and electric transit bus market. If we werent happy with the hybridelectric buses, we wouldnt be buying 375 more, mr. Hybrid electric vehicles or hevs merge internal combustion engines with electric motors, offering improved fuel efficiency. For virtually all cycles the daimler hybrid bus had lower measured fuel eco nomy t han the new flyer hybrid bus. Advisor utilizes a combined forwardbackward simulation approach to evaluate. Upon the addition of its fullyelectric and unique fourmode hybrid powertrains, edi will broaden cummins electrification expertise and products. Comparison of modern cng, diesel and diesel hybridelectric. Modeling of a hybrid electric bus advisor advanced vehicle simulator was used as the modeling and simulation tool for the hybrid electric bus studied.
Hybrid electric vehicles merge the zero pollution and high efficiency benefits of electric traction with the high fuel energy density benefits of an energy source or. Views on hybrid drivetrain power management strategies. An innovative vehiclepowertrain ecooperation system for. A charlottebased manufacturer of hybrid and electric buses has filed for bankruptcy protection following several weeks of furloughs. Optimization of a hybrid electric bus red cedar technology. China electric bus market share and size industry report 2025. Paper the state of the art of electric, hybrid, and fuel cell. Study on energy management strategies for seriesparallel. Definitions of cars, lcvs, lcategory vehicles and buses also apply to this. Hybrid and low emission bus technologies, october 2014 the following document is a compilation of research done by theride staff on hybrid and low emission bus technologies and staffs recommendations. Hybrid buses were introduced in 2002 and now comprise approximately 15% of the fleet. Hybrid buses are propelled partially by electric power stored in a large battery on the roof of buses. What are the advantages and disadvantages of series hybrid. Electric drivetrains whether for hybrid systems, battery electric, or fuel cell hold appeal for the bus market for many of the same reasons they do for light duty vehicles.
Diesel hybrids as they exist in todays bus market are excluded from the scope of the project and from this publication. Pdf plugin hybrid electric buses phebs is some of the most promising products to address air. Assessment of hybridelectric transit bus technology blurbs. The pieper table 1 characteristics of bevs, hevs, and fcvs chan. The pilot fleet of 10 hybrid buses and the first order of 125 orion vii hybrid buses are. In a series hybrid bus, the internal combustion engine ice is connected to an electric generator which converts the energy produced by the ice into electric power. The introduction of hybrid vehicles in london has received praise from the low carbon vehicle partnership, which awarded transport for london the first ever low carbon champion award for buses in july 2010. Aug 17, 20 hybrid, electric bus maker files for bankruptcy. Edis hybrid system is the most versatile on the market today, able to switch, in real time, between fully electric, series and parallel modes. Falling battery prices along with improving operational efficiency is a major growth driver of the market. This electricity powers a motor which turns the wheels of the vehicle. In parallel with the ngattb project, the houston metropolitan transit authority hmta. Design for motor controller in hybrid electric vehicle based.
Also, hybrid and electric bus manufacturing is a more oligopolistic market so unless there are more players coming up the cost economics just dont seem in favour of an. For these s ame cycles the increase in fuel economy for the hybrid buses compared to the cng buses ranged from 6% daimler buses on arterial cycle to 85% new flyer buses on manhattan cycle. The state of the art of electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. The lowfloor, hybrid electric designline bus runs on a diesel turbine engine, instead of the diesel piston engine that powers the vast majority of new york city transits 4,600 buses. Around 80 of the components of the hybrid concept bus are.
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